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61.
Tropical montane cloud forest hydrology is complex because of the presence of epiphytic life-forms that increase canopy surfaces and fog persistency. Fog precipitation is a hydrological input common to cloud forests, and forms when fog droplets are intercepted by the canopy and fall to the forest floor. Interception and fog precipitation was determined for a 2100 m site and a 2550 m site in a first-order tributary of the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala by calculating the difference between throughfall and gross precipitation for a 44-week period. Both sites were situated within closed-canopy cloud forests. The 2100 m site was on the windward slope of Montaña de Miranda near the lower boundary of the cloud forest and the 2550 m site was at the summit. Fog precipitation was found during periods in which throughfall exceeds gross precipitation. Fog precipitation was greater at 2550 m than at 2100 m. Data collected by precipitation and throughfall gauges demonstrate the existence of seasonal fog precipitation with the greatest fog precipitation occurring in the dry season (November–April). Fog precipitation contributes approximately 1 mm per day to the hydrological budget of the cloud forest at 2550 m during the dry season, and 0.5 mm per day during the rainy season (May–October). 相似文献
62.
63.
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood was treated with supercritical water (374°C, 22.1MPa), and fractionated into the water-soluble portion, the methanol-soluble portion, and the methanol-insoluble residue. The methanol-soluble portion mainly consisted of the lignin-derived products. To characterize the compounds in the methanol-soluble portion, gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses were performed. The GPC analysis indicated that the methanol-soluble portion contained lignin-derived monomeric and dimeric products. GC-MS analysis detected 31 products which were expected to be monomeric compounds, and 18 of these were identified to be guaiacol, methylguaiacol, ethylguaiacol, vinylguaiacol, eugenol, propylguaiacol, vanillin, cis-isoeugenol, homovanillin, trans-isoeugenol, acetoguaiacone, propioguaiacone, guaiacylacetone, 2-methoxy-4-(1-hydroxypropyl)phenol, homovanillic acid, 2-methoxy-4-(prop-1-en-3-one)phenol, coniferyl aldehyde, and ferulic acid. In addition, 22 dimeric products were detected, and 4 of these were believed to be compounds with biphenyl type (5-5), diphenylethane type (-1), stilbene type (-1), and phenylcoumaran type (-5) structures. These results clearly indicated that the methanol-soluble portion included various monomeric and dimeric compounds produced as a result of the cleavage of ether linkages and propyl chains of lignin. 相似文献
64.
In order to investigate the effects of chemical components and matrix structure on the destabilization of quenched wood, we
examined the physical and mechanical properties of steam-treated wood, hemicellulose-extracted wood, and delignified wood,
which were treated at different levels. For steam-treated and hemicellulose-extracted wood,the relative relaxation modulus
of the quenched sample was lower than that of the respective control sample. For delignified wood, the relative relaxation
modulus fell with weight loss and reached a minimum value at a certain weight loss, and subsequently increased significantly.
The hygroscopicity of all treated samples changed slightly by steaming, whereas increased with removing the component. More-over,
the average volumetric swelling per 1% MC at 100% relative humidity (RH) was less than at 75% RH and 93% RH for component-removed
wood. It was clear that a void structure existed. As a result, the destabilization evaluated by the fluidity (1 - E
t/E
0) of steam-treated wood was influenced by the amount of adsorbed water. For component-removed wood, destabilization increased
temporarily at lower weight loss because of nonuniform cohesive structure. At high weight loss, destabilization will decreased
because capillary-condensed water gathered in the voids and obstructed the motion of adsorbed water. However, the destabilization
of all treated wood changed less than that of chemically modified wood. 相似文献
65.
66.
研究了安徽电溪戏剧性以种源试验林场不同种源的戏剧性以及南京等地工的马尾松共120余株针叶中的萜类化学组成。结果表明在挥发油中主要含有α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、乙酸芳樟酯等8个单萜类成分和β-石竹烯等11个倍半萜成分。在酸性部分主含4种脂肪酸和13种二萜酸。根据其二萜酸组成将戏剧性以分成7个化学类型,它们分别是19-甲基贝壳极酸型,泪极醚酸型、1复瓦杉酸型、湿地松酸型、泪杉醚酸+19-甲基贝壳极酸型 相似文献
67.
陕西省1980-2006年气候变化时空特征研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于陕西省1980-2006年97个气象站点地面观测的降水和气温数据分析近27年陕西省气候变化的时空特征。结果表明:(1)陕西省年平均气温和降水量空间分布格局均呈随纬度增加而逐步减少,陕西省南部水热条件明显好于北部。(2)近27年来陕西省年平均气温上升趋势明显,平均每年上升0.0566℃,陕北增温幅度略高于陕南;降水量... 相似文献
68.
乌鲁木齐大气降水稳定同位素与水汽来源关系研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用GNIP(Global of Isotope in Precipitation)乌鲁木齐站点1986-2003年大气降水稳定同位素资料和美国国家环境保护委员会/国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,通过研究乌鲁木齐地区17年(1986-2003)大气降水的氢、氧稳定同位素组成,提出了局地大气降水线方程为... 相似文献
69.
新疆达坂城地区52a来气温和降水变化特征分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
根据乌鲁木齐市达坂城气象站(1958—2009)的气温和降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及滑动平均法分析了气温和降水的变化趋势,并用Morlet小波变换对年气温和年降水量进行了小波分析。结果表明:近52a来达坂城地区年平均气温、平均日最高气温、平均日最低气温及春、夏、秋、冬季气温均呈上升趋势,其中90年代以来是气温上升最显著... 相似文献
70.
近30年新疆降水量及雨日的变化特征分析 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
利用新疆1971-2006年98个气象站的逐日降水资料,研究了新疆年和四季降水量及雨日的气候变化特征。结果表明:新疆多年平均年降水量及雨日的空间分布均为北疆大于南疆,山区大于平原,二者长期变化的空间分布相似程度较低,有些地区甚至完全相反。南疆大部地区降水量的增加主要是由于雨日增加而造成的;北疆大部地区降水量的增加主要是... 相似文献